The collapse of Enron, an energy conglomerate with reported revenues of $100 billion, is one of the largest bankruptcy and accounting fraud cases in U.S. history.
Enron Corporation began as a traditional natural gas supplier in 1985 in Houston, Texas. In less than two decades, it evolved into the seventh largest of the Fortune 500 companies in the United States. What had started as a simple natural gas operation grew into a e-commerce superpower, which traded in energy commodities (such as wind, water, and electricity) and eventually in Internet bandwidth for communication purposes
Between 1998 and 2000, the stock price of Enron experienced unprecedented increases, making it one of the most profitable corporations on Wall Street. However, many of the deals Enron made were based solely on unrealistic projections regarding future supply and demand. By the beginning of 2001, the federal government began to become suspicious of Enron’s accounting practices, in large part because of a whistle-blower inside the company, who uncovered suspicious accounting practices.
A woman carries a box from Enron’s headquarters in Houston in November, 2001.
Enron’s accounting practices were rife with
Enron filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy on December 2, 2001, with $6.8 billion in assets, making it the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history (this record would later be broken by WorldCom in 2002 and Lehman Brothers in 2008). The stock had fallen from almost $140 a share to pennies on the dollar. The crimes carried out by top Enron executives have been prosecuted in both criminal and civil courts.
Fox, Loren. Enron: The Rise and Fall. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2003. Fusaro, Peter C., and Ross M. Miller. What Went Wrong at Enron: Everyone’s Guide to the Largest Bankruptcy in U.S. History. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley, 2002. Swartz, Mimi, and Sherron Watkins. Power Failure: The Inside Story of the Collapse of Enron. New York: Doubleday, 2003.
Accounting industry
Bankruptcy law
Business crimes
Chrysler bailout of 1979
Derivatives and hedge fund industry
Incorporation laws
U.S. Department of Justice
WorldCom bankruptcy