Further Reading


  • Allen, Stacy. “Shiloh.”Blue and Gray, Winter-Summer, 1997, 6–65.
  • Alotta, Robert I.Civil War Justice: Union Army Executions Under Lincoln. Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane, 1989.
  • Andrews, J. Cutler.The North Reports the Civil War. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1955.
  • Bailey, Anne J.The Chessboard of War: Sherman and Hood in the Autumn Campaigns of 1864. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.
  • ____________.War and Ruin: William T. Sherman and the Savannah Campaign. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 2003.
  • Ballard, Michael B.Vicksburg: The Campaign That Opened the Mississippi. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.
  • Baxter, James Phinney.The Introduction of the Ironclad Warship. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1933.
  • Belz, Herman.Abraham Lincoln, Constitutionalism, and Equal Rights in the Civil War Era. New York: Fordham University Press, 1998.
  • Beringer, Richard E., Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William N. Still, Jr.Why the South Lost the Civil War. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.
  • Bernstein, Iver Charles.The New York City Draft Riots: Their Significance for American Society and Politics in the Age of the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
  • Bigelow, John, Jr.The Campaign of Chancellorsville: A Strategic and Tactical Study. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1910.
  • Blanton, DeAnne, and Lauren M. Cook.They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the American Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
  • Boatner, Mark M. III.The Civil War Dictionary. New York: Harper & Row, 1959.
  • Bonekemper, Edward H. III.A Victor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S. Grant’s Overlooked Military Genius. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2004.
  • Bowers, John.Chickamauga and Chattanooga: The Battles That Doomed the Confederacy. New York: HarperCollins, 1994.
  • Bruce, Robert V.Lincoln and the Tools of War. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1956.
  • Burton, Brian K.Extraordinary Circumstances: The Seven Days Battles. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.
  • Burton, E. Milby.The Siege of Charleston, 1861–1865. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1987.
  • Cannan, John.The Spotsylvania Campaign: May 7–21, 1864. Conshohocken, Pa.: Combined Publishing, 1997.
  • Catton, Bruce.The Centennial History of the Civil War. 3 vols. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961–1965.
  • The Civil War. 28 vols. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1983–1987.
  • Collier, Christopher.The Civil War, 1860–1865. New York: Benchmark Books, 2000.
  • Commager, H. S., ed.The Civil War Archive: The History of the Civil War in Documents. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2000.
  • Connelly, Thomas L., and Archer Jones.The Politics of Command: Factions and Ideas in Confederate Strategy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983.
  • Cooling, Benjamin.Fort Donelson’s Legacy: War and Society in Kentucky and Tennessee. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997.
  • Cox, Jacob D.The March to the Sea: Franklin and Nashville. New York: J. Brussel, 1959.
  • Cozzens, Peter.The Darkest Days of the War: The Battles of Iuka and Corinth. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
  • ____________.The Shipwreck of Their Hopes: The Battles for Chattanooga. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
  • ____________.This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
  • Cozzens, Peter, and Robert I. Girardi, eds.The Military Memoirs of General John Pope. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
  • Cullen, Joseph P.The Peninsula Campaign, 1862: McClellan and Lee Struggle for Richmond. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1973.
  • Cunningham, Frank.General Stand Watie’s Confederate Indians. San Antonio, Tex.: Naylor, 1959.
  • Dale, Edward Everett, and Morris L. Wardell.History of Oklahoma. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948.
  • Daniel, Larry J.Shiloh: The Battle That Changed the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
  • ____________.Days of Glory: The Army of the Cumberland, 1861–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004.
  • Davis, William C.Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1977.
  • ____________.Death in the Trenches: Grant at Petersburg. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1986.
  • ____________.Duel Between the First Ironclads. New York: Doubleday, 1975.
  • Detzer, David.Allegiance: Fort Sumter, Charleston, and the Beginning of the Civil War. New York: Harcourt, 2001.
  • ____________.Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861. Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt, 2004.
  • Dowdy, Clifford.The Seven Days: The Emergence of Robert E. Lee. New York: Fairfax Press, 1978.
  • Dudley, G. W.Lost Account of the Battle of Corinth and Court Martial of General Van Dorn. Jackson, Tenn.: McCowat-Mercer Press, 1955.
  • Emery, Michael, and Edwin Emery.The Press and America: An Interpretive History of the Mass Media. 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
  • Engle, Stephen D.Struggle for the Heartland: The Campaigns from Fort Henry to Corinth. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001.
  • Evans, Sara M.Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America. New York: Free Press, 1991.
  • Fairman, Charles.History of the Supreme Court of the United States: Reconstruction and Reunion 1864–88. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
  • Faust, Patricia L., ed.Historical Times Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Civil War. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
  • Fellman, Michael.Citizen Sherman: A Life of William Tecumseh Sherman. New York: Random House, 1995.
  • First Blood: Fort Sumter to Bull Run. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1983.
  • Foote, Shelby.The Civil War: A Narrative. 3 vols. New York: Random House, 1958–1974.
  • Fordney, Ben Fuller.Stoneman at Chancellorsville: The Coming of Age of Union Cavalry. Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane Books, 1998.
  • Frank, Allen, and George A. Reaves.“Seeing the Elephant”: Raw Recruits at Shiloh. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.
  • Freeman, Douglas Southall.Lee’s Lieutenants: A Study in Command. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1942–1944.
  • Friend, Jack.West Wind, Flood Tide: The Battle of Mobile Bay. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 2004.
  • Furgurson, Ernest B.Chancellorsville, 1863: The Souls of the Brave. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.
  • ____________.Not War But Murder: Cold Harbor, 1864. New York: Knopf, 2000.
  • Gaines, W. Craig.The Confederate Cherokees: John Drew’s Regiment of Mounted Rifles. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
  • Gallagher, Gary W., ed.The Antietam Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
  • ____________.Chancellorsville: The Battle and its Aftermath. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
  • ____________.The Fredericksburg Campaign: Decision on the Rappahannock. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
  • ____________.The Richmond Campaign of 1862: The Peninsula and the Seven Days. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
  • ____________.The Spotsylvania Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
  • ____________.The Wilderness Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
  • Geary, James W.We Need Men: The Union Draft in the Civil War. Dekalb: Illinois University Press, 1991.
  • Glatthaar, Joseph T.Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. New York: Free Press, 1990.
  • ____________.The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman’s Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns. New York: New York University Press, 1985.
  • Gott, Kendall D.Where the South Lost the War: An Analysis of the Fort Henry-Fort Donelson Campaign, February 1862. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 2003.
  • Greene, A. Wilson.Breaking the Backbone of the Rebellion: The Final Battles of the Petersburg Campaign. Madison City, Iowa: Savas Publishing, 2000.
  • Harsh, Joseph L.Taken at the Flood: Robert E. Lee and Confederate Strategy in the Maryland Campaign of 1862. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999.
  • Haskins, James.The Day Fort Sumter Was Fired On: A Photo History of the Civil War. New York: Scholastic, 1995.
  • Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones.How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983.
  • Hearn, Chester G.Six Years of Hell: Harpers Ferry During the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996.
  • Hendrickson, Robert.Sumter, the First Day of the Civil War. New York: Promontory Press, 1996.
  • Hennessy, John J.Return to Bull Run: The Campaign and Battle of Second Manassas. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993.
  • Hess, Earl J.Banners to the Breeze: The Kentucky Campaign, Corinth, and Stones River. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.
  • ____________.Pickett’s Charge–the Last Attack at Gettysburg. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
  • Hirshson, Stanley P.The White Tecumseh: A Biography of General William T. Sherman. New York: J. Wiley, 1997.
  • Hoeling, A. A.Vicksburg, Forty-seven Days of Siege. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1996.
  • Huddleston, Edwin.The Civil War in Middle Tennessee. Nashville, Tenn.: Nashville Banner, 1965.
  • Hyman, Harold.A More Perfect Union: The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the Constitution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973.
  • ____________.The Reconstruction Justice of Salmon P. Chase: “In Re Turner” and “Texas v. White.” Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1997.
  • Johnston, Robert M.Bull Run: Its Strategy and Tactics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913.
  • Jones, Archer.Civil War Command and Strategy: The Process of Victory and Defeat. New York: Free Press, 1992.
  • Josephy, Alvin M., Jr.Civil War in the American West. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.
  • Klement, Frank L.Dark Lanterns: Secret Political Societies, Conspiracies, and Treason Trials in the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984.
  • Kobre, Sidney.Foundations of American Journalism. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1970.
  • Kohn, Stephen M.Jailed for Peace: The History of American Draft Law Violation, 1658–1985. New York: Praeger, 1987.
  • Korn, Jerry.The Fight for Chattanooga: Chickamauga to Missionary Ridge. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1985.
  • Kutler, Stanley.Judicial Power and Reconstruction Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.
  • Lee Takes Command: From Seven Days to Second Bull Run. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1984.
  • Leonard, Elizabeth D.All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies. New York: W. W. Norton, 1999.
  • Long, E. B.The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971.
  • Longacre, Edward G.Army of Amateurs: General Benjamin Butler and the Army of the James, 1863–1865. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1997.
  • McDonald, JoAnna H.We Shall Meet Again: The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run), July 18–21, 1861. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • McDonough, James L.Nashville: The Western Confederacy’s Final Gamble. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2004.
  • ____________.Shiloh in Hell Before Night. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1977.
  • McPherson, James M.The American Heritage New History of the Civil War. New York: Viking, 1996.
  • ____________.Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
  • ____________.Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • ____________.Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • McWhiney, Grady, and Perry D. Jamieson.Attack and Die: Civil War Military Tactics and the Southern Heritage. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1982.
  • Maney, R. Wayne.Marching to Cold Harbor: Victory and Failure, 1864. Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane, 1995.
  • Marszalek, John.Sherman: A Soldier’s Passion for Order. New York: Free Press, 1993.
  • Martin, David G.The Second Bull Run Campaign, July-August 1862. New York: Combined Books, 1996.
  • Marvel, William.Burnside. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.
  • ____________.Lee’s Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
  • Maslowski, Peter.Treason Must Be Odious: Military Occupation and Wartime Reconstruction in Nashville, Tennessee, 1862–1865. New York: KTO Press, 1978.
  • Matloff, Maurice, ed.The Army Historical Series: American Military History. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
  • Matter, William D.If It Takes All Summer: The Battle of Spotsylvania. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.
  • Miles, Jim.Piercing the Heartland. Nashville, Tenn.: Cumberland House, 1999.
  • Mokin, Arthur.Ironclad: The Monitor and the Merrimack. Novato, Calif.: Presidio, 1991.
  • Mott, Frank Luther.American Journalism: A History, 1690–1960. 3d ed. New York: Macmillan, 1962.
  • Murfin, James V.The Gleam of Bayonets: The Battle of Antietam and Robert E. Lee’s Maryland Campaign, 1862. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1965.
  • Neely, Mark E., Jr.The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
  • Nelson, James L.Reign of Iron: The Story of the First Battling Ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack. New York: William Morrow, 2004.
  • Nevins, Allan.The War for the Union. 4 vols. New York: Scribner, 1959–1971.
  • Nolan, Alan T.Lee Considered: General Robert E. Lee and Civil War History. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.
  • Nosworthy, Brent.The Bloody Crucible of Courage: Fighting Methods and Combat Experience of the Civil War. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2003.
  • The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War. New York: Fairfax Press, 1983.
  • Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. 30 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1894–1922.
  • O’Reilly, Francis Augustín.The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.
  • Pfanz, Harry Willcox.Gettysburg: Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Hill. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
  • ____________.Gettysburg: The First Day. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
  • ____________.Gettysburg: The Second Day. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
  • Rable, George C.Civil Wars: Women and the Crisis of Southern Nationalism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
  • ____________.Fredericksburg! Fredericksburg! Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
  • Rafuse, Ethan S.A Single Grand Victory: The First Campaign and Battle of Manassas. Wilmington, Del.: SR Books, 2002.
  • Randall, James G.Constitutional Problems Under Lincoln. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964.
  • Rhea, Gordon C.The Battle of the Wilderness, May 5–6, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994.
  • ____________.The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern, May 7–12, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.
  • ____________.Cold Harbor: Grant and Lee, May 26-June 3, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
  • ____________.To the North Anna River: Grant and Lee, May 13–25, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.
  • Ropes, John C.The Army Under Pope. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1881.
  • Rowland, Thomas J.George B. McClellan and Civil War History: In the Shadow of Grant and Sherman. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1998.
  • Scott, Anne Firor.The Southern Lady: From Pedestal to Politics: 1830–1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
  • Sears, Stephen W.Chancellorsville. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.
  • ____________.Controversies and Commanders: Dispatches from the Army of the Potomac. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
  • ____________. “The First News Blackout.”American Heritage 36, no. 4 (June-July, 1985).
  • ____________.Gettysburg. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.
  • ____________.Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Antietam. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983.
  • Shea, William L., and Terrence J. Winschel.Vicksburg Is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
  • Smith, Merritt Roe.Harpers Ferry Armory and the New Technology: The Challenge of Change. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1977.
  • Sommers, Richard J.Richmond Redeemed: The Siege at Petersburg. New York: Doubleday, 1981.
  • Spruill, Matt.Storming the Heights: A Guide to the Battle of Chattanooga. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2003.
  • ____________, ed.Guide to the Battle of Chickamauga. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993.
  • Steere, Edward.The Wilderness Campaign: The Meeting of Grant and Lee. 2d ed. Introduction by Robert Krick. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1994.
  • Sutherland, Daniel E.Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville: The Dare Mark Campaign. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998.
  • ____________.Seasons of War: The Ordeal of a Confederate Community, 1861–1865. New York: Free Press, 1995.
  • Sword, Wiley.Embrace an Angry Wind: The Confederacy’s Last Hurrah: Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nashville. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
  • ____________.Mountains Touched with Fire: Chattanooga Besieged, 1863. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
  • ____________.Shiloh: Bloody April. Dayton, Ohio: Morningside Press, 1974.
  • Thomas, Emory M.The Confederate Nation: 1861–1865. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.
  • Trudeau, Noah Andre.Bloody Roads South: The Wilderness to Cold Harbor, May-June 1864. 1989. Reprint. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.
  • ____________.The Last Citadel: Petersburg, Virginia, June 1864-April 1865. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991.
  • Trulack, Alice Rains, and Alan T. Nolan.In the Hands of Providence: Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
  • U.S. War Department.The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 128 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
  • Venet, Wendy Hamand.Neither Ballots nor Bullets: Women Abolitionists and the Civil War. Richmond: University Press of Virginia, 1991.
  • Welker, David A.Tempest at Ox Hill: The Battle of Chantilly. Conshohocken, Pa.: Combined Publishing, 2001.
  • Wert, Jeffry D.Gettysburg, Day Three. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
  • Wertheimer, Barbara Mayer.We Were There: The Story of Working Women in America. New York: Pantheon Books, 1977.
  • Whan, Vorin E.Fiasco at Fredericksburg. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1961.
  • Wheeler, Richard.On Fields of Fury: From the Wilderness to the Crater, an Eyewitness History. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.
  • Winik, Jay.April 1865: The Month That Saved America. HarperCollins, 2001.
  • Winschel, Terrence J.Triumph and Defeat: The Vicksburg Campaign. Mason City, Iowa: Savas, 1999.
  • ____________.Vicksburg: Fall of the Confederate Gibraltar. Abilene, Tex.: McWhinney Foundation Press, 1999.
  • Woodworth, Steven E.Jefferson Davis and His Generals: The Failure of Confederate Command in the West. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1990.
  • ____________.Six Armies in Tennessee: The Chickamauga and Chattanooga Campaigns. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998.