Supreme Court’s gradually arrived-at conclusion that the equal protection requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment is binding on the federal government through the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.
In contrast to the Declaration of Independence of 1776,
Despite those foundation documents, many federal laws mandated racial discrimination
The Fourteenth Amendment
Gibson v. Mississippi
During World War II
One member of the Court, Justice Frank Murphy
A decade later, in Brown v. Board of Education
Since its landmark Bolling ruling, the Court has not recognized any distinctions between federal and state cases insofar as they relate to the standards of scrutiny for evaluating equal protection claims. In Rostker v. Goldberg
Federal cases dealing with equal protection under the Fifth Amendment are relatively rare in comparison with state cases relating to alleged violations under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Adarand Constructors v. Peña
Bolling v. Sharpe
Brown v. Board of Education
Equal protection clause
Fifth Amendment
Incorporation doctrine
Race and discrimination