A map showing nineteenth century North America.

Upper and Lower Canada Unite

Irish Immigration to Canada

Canada’s Indian Act

Immigrant Farmers Begin Settling Western Canada

America’s “New” Immigration Era Begins

Washington’s Atlanta Compromise Speech

Spanish-American War

United States Acquires Oregon Territory

United States Occupies California and the Southwest

California Gold Rush Begins

Gadsden Purchase Completes the U.S.-Mexican Border

Establishment of the Confederate States of America

Battles of Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga

Chisholm Trail Opens

Russia Sells Alaska to the United States

First Transcontinental Railroad Is Completed

Treaty of Washington Settles U.S. Claims vs. Britain