A map of Europe at the end of the nineteenth century.

Congress of Berlin

Triple Alliance Is Formed

Bulgarian Revolt Against the Ottoman Empire

Danish-Prussian War

Jesuits Are Expelled from Russia, Naples, and Spain

Franco-Russian Alliance

Battle of Sedan

Prussian Army Besieges Paris

Austria and Prussia’s Seven Weeks’ War

German States Unite Within German Empire

Three Emperors’ League Is Formed

Fenian Risings for Irish Independence

Irish Home Rule Debate Dominates British Politics

Greece Unifies Under the Glücksburg Dynasty

Austrian Ausgleich

Italy Is Proclaimed a Kingdom

Austria and Prussia’s Seven Weeks’ War

Russia Crushes Polish Rebellion

First Hague Peace Conference

Ottomans Attempt to Exterminate Armenians